Prospective corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prospective corporate strategy - Essay ExampleThis lust for new commercialise has triggered a wave of competition which has necessitated the need for organization to specialise themselves from its competitors in order to sustain themselves in the market (Brakman & Heijdra, 2004, p.413). labour 1 Strategic Positioning Central Arguments In order to take on the change magnitude levels of competition steadfasts have started adopting different strategies that tend to provide greater apprise to the consumers. Strategists and marketers are increasingly enhancing their sharpen on aspects like positioning and branding. Positioning is defined the image of a particular product or service in the minds of the consumer (Hiebing, Hiebing & Cooper, 2004, p.146). Value addition has become the prime aim of air organizations to sustain and differentiate themselves in the global market. Value proposition refers to the value addition that an organization provides to its customers by virtue of its furrow operations and product or service offering (Hax, 2009, p.42). Michael Porter identified three basic generic wine strategies that could be used to create strategic positioning for a firm in the market. He say that a firm can sustain itself in the argumentation market by adopting one or a combination of the three generic strategies which are focus, speak to leadership and differentiation. Strategic positioning involves selecting an optimum mix of the three generic strategies verbalise above to gain strategic and sustainable advantage bandage creating greater value for the stakeholders of an organization (Hansen, Mowen & Guan, 2007, p.377-378). The principles of strategic positioning as outlined by Thornton are stated below 1. Concept based strategy formulation 2. Long term vision and planning 3. variegation of thought 4. Strength based planning (Thornton, 2007, p.14). Adopting a strategic positioning would help a firm to pursue activities that would help them differenti ate the product or service offering from the rest of its competitors in the business market. It would also act as a guideline towards new product development as healthful as enhancement of value addition to a product or service offering (Steinbock, 2007, p.273). Task 2 Internet and Strategic Positioning The twenty first century has also been described as the age of information technology. The backbone for this lies in the advancement in internet technology. Internet has reduced the surmount between the individuals. This aspect has been largely used by business organizations to gain competitive advantage. The rise of dotcom sites and online mesh portals has been accredited with enhancing the business potential of business organizations. However, an article by Michael Porter strongly contradicts this view. The author in his article conveys his reservations about internet technology being used as medium to add value to a product or service offering. He states that internet has not g enerated a significant addition in the value offering of the products rather it has created a situation where value addition implies only cost based improvement. He further questions the business pretence of the dot.com companies as he believes that the present business model ignores the aspect of profitability and value. In this article it has been explicitly stated that the rise of internet in business organiza

The Shows Big Love and The Simpsons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Shows Big fuck and The Simpsons - search ExampleBoth shows deal with relatively large families, although one(a) show is about an extended family and one family is a thermonuclear family have interpersonal relationship troubles, although one shows interpersonal problems atomic number 18 more complicated than the other and deal with people who have troubles, but one show is little easy for people to relate to than the other.Big Love and The Simpsons both deal with large families. However, Big Love is really more about a quite larger family than The Simpsons. In Big Love, promissory notes family is a fundamentalist Mormon family practicing polygamy, which means he has multiple marriages. The main characters of the show ar Bill (the businessman who owns a chain of home improvement stores), and his three wives, Barb, Nicki, and Margene. The outgrowth installation was about their familys struggle to live their polygamous way of life while keeping it a secret. The Simpson fami ly is a nuclear family with bold traits. Each character is an icon by itself, but when they are together they form the iconic nuclear family. The key family members are the parents Homer and Marge and their three children Bart, Lisa, and Maggie.Big Love and The Simpsons, in their first show, both breach the topics of relationship troubles within the family. The difference is that the troubles described within Big Love are more serious in nature than the troubles in The Simpsons, which are rather petty problems. The first episode of Big Love focuses on Bills effort to find balance in the thick of having three wives while dealing with Nickis father, who wants a larger share of the stores profit. Meanwhile, in The Simpsons, Bart sneaks out and goes to get a tattoo saying Mother. However, while getting the tattoo, Margehis motherfinds out and interrupts the procedure.

Organisational strategy(in report format) Essay

Organisational strategy(in report format) - raise Example(Innocent, 2008b MySpace News, 2007 Hickman, 2007 Scott, 2007)For the purpose of this study, the researcher will apply some of the available strategic models in examining the privileged and external factors that has contributed to he success of Innocent Drinks. First, the researcher will apply the PESTLE, Porters 5 Forces, Opportunities and Threats model to critically analyze the external factors within the period of 1999 2007 that made Innocent Drinks able to enamour the biggest market share from its competitors. use the Strength model, the researcher will critically evaluate the effectiveness of the fear strategies used by Innocent Drinks between the period of 2002 2007.Eventually, the researcher will assess and discuss the opposition of Innocent Drinks stakeholder pressure on the organization in terms of how Adam Balon, Richard Reed and Jon Wright might nonplus affected the strategies they have chosen followed by a nalysing the relative power and interest of the three business owners. Using the Options Matrix, the researcher will also evaluate and discuss whether the future strategies of Innocent Drinks should either be found on fit or stretch strategies. As part of discussion, the researcher will discuss the contact of external factors and its direct effects to the changes on the competitive behaviour within the same industry.PESTLE, which stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental analysis (TVU, 2007), will be used in illustrating the macro-environmental aspects of Innocent Drinks.UK food and drink industries are highly adjust by several government agencies. In line with this matter, food and drink industry in the joined Kingdom is highly regulated by Food Standard Agency in order to comfort the health and consumers interests when it comes to food safety, nutrition,

Nigerian Politics as a Basis of the Case Study on African Politics Research Paper

Nigerian Politics as a s oil of the Case Study on African Politics - Research Paper ExampleThis paper endeavors to function understand the nuances of Nigerian politics. To be able to achieve this it is important to dwell briefly on its colonial days. By 1914 the British had control over almost all of Nigeria except for Kamerun, which went through different isolated invasions by the Germans and other. Prior to that Nigeria had already established itself as a prime producer of Palm oil and enjoyed elitist status among other countries in the continent having abolished the slave trade much before the rest of Africa. The big acress in Nigeria at that time were the Northeastern kingdom of Borno, the Hausa city-state/kingdoms of Katsina, Kano, Zaria, and Gobir in northern-central Nigeria, the Yoruba city-states/kingdoms of Ife, Oyo, and Ijebu in southwestern Nigeria, the southern kingdom of Benin, and the Igbo communities of eastern Nigeria. (iss.co). With the abolition of slave tra de they were now able to expand their trade routes and traded all the air across the Sahara. When Britain took over a Nigerian legislative council was formed with minimum African representation. The Northern and Confederate territories were merged into one and native leaders still continued their rule under the supervision of the colonial leaders. This however brought about several ethnical and religious conflicts and finally in order to curb the fight a new constitution under the United Kingdom divided Nigeria into Eastern, Western and Northern regions. This was through with(p) mainly to accommodate the powerful ethnic tribes of Igbo in the east Yoruba in the west and the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups in the north. The rise of independent freedom fighter groups was inevitable and a federal government established in 1954 and Nigeria evolved into a self-governing federation. The political system of Nigeria at that time was that of a Federal government which governed the various autonomous regions. This was until Nigeria attained Independence in 1960. Nigeria Post- Independence Nigeria Post Independence experimented with various political systems in an attempt to maintain political stability while giving freedom for its various and diverse ethnic groups to express and exercise their rights freely. Post Colonial rule there began a struggle for power by the regions which were non-centralized or issued stateless by the British. The centralized regions had established a formal rule and because of the power of corroborative rule given by the British to their native leaders, there was no conflict between the control and the rulers. The demarcation thus established was based on power, social and economic status. The non-centralized regions however were divided in their various political ideologies and religious and cultural practices. These regions

Modernity in Nazi Germany under Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modernity in Nazi Germany under Hitler - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that in the age preceding the World War 1, racial ideologies gained prominence, which claimed that the educational labors of religious and secular-humanitarian representatives were ineffective. Instead, scientific discrimination showed a alter path to progression. This case was more pronounced in the Nazi Germany where academicians applied social Darwinist theories to dismiss the tone that the presumably lower races could be elevated. The question that mostly comes up in the discussion about modernness in Germany is whether the faith in a strange German antimodernism that attained its peak in case Socialism is how the Nazis could have attained political propaganda triumphs, financial recovery, the mobilization of the biotic community and the brilliant military successes or indeed the terror and mass extermination that characterized the regime if they had rejected technological emanations. One strong root to this question is what came to be known as reactionary modernism, which categorizes the reunion between the antimodernist, romantic, and irrationalist ideals as well as modern technology as unique to the radical right in both the Weimar Republic and the depicted object Socialism led by Hitler. In bringing together the political reaction with technological advancement the Nazis transformed the romantic anticapitalism of the right-wing German far from the backward trend pastoralism and pointed them preferably to the confines of a magnificent new order. According to analysts, this conflicting amalgamation of reactionary political thoughts and a contemporary reliance on an influential reason and contemporary means made Nazism feasible. by from the area of reactionary modernism, another area where the Nazi party tried to bring modernity was in the area of science. In his opinion, scientist Rudolf Cronau claimed that there was no doubt that there was an existing inequality in th e community in as far as races were concerned.

Opinion Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opinion - Research Paper ExampleEveryone seems to care for the prolongation of the life of a beloved one, no matter the extent of socioeconomic demand thereon. For instance, psychological and medical facts livelihood the possibility of terminally ill persons making a dramatic comeback from their conditions within the framework of indorse and care counter the propensity to implement the rights to be aided to end life.The family bond is so tender that the contemplation of assisting aiding someone to end their life is usually not commonly adopted. The patients rights to discontinue may be abused for a number of reasons, creating a deliberate move to eliminate persons who carry care and probably reach a comeback in their health. The case of reported Dutch euthanasia data illustrates the magnitude of risks that a society may have to contend with, if the procedures of aided death extend to observe humane treatment of human dignity. Families must take a more central eccentric in su pplementing the national healthcare system in providing care to the gray, since the overstretched system will increasingly engender it difficult to cover everyone. Under such conditions, the risks of euthanasia to the sociocultural fabric will continue to seem in the American society (Pevtzow, 2011).Under the conditions of a growing population of aged persons with high habituation of care to survive, healthcare systems find the burden of balancing service delivery to productive population unbearable. The astronomic costs involved in the care-intensive service to the very old always leads to debates on whether elimination of the persons would make healthcare systems sustainable for the populations. However, as illustrated above, stronger social factors tend to keep the life of the aged closer to the family coordinate than elimination of their life at will. Abuse of the right to die for the terminally ill, most of which are the aged may be supported by cold family members

Alcohol Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alcohol Abuse - Research Paper ExampleHealth profiles of familial intoxicant abuse show that accumulation of alcohol dependence in the family is partly brought about by genetic variables (Freeman, 2001). There is also proof of heightened familial combination of psychoactive warmness dependence and misuse (Grant & Litvak, 1997). A number of studies have discovered enlarged levels of alcohol dependence and/or abuse in family appendages of substance abusers in comparison to family members of alcohol-dependent individuals or those from the mainstream population. According to the health profiles of familial alcohol abuse, genetic factors recreate a major role in alcohol dependency. The twin, adoption, and family research substantiate the familial transfer of dose and alcohol dependence and associate genetic variables (Stelle & Scott, 2007). Epidemiological research has demonstrated that alcohol dependence is oftentimes aggravated by comorbid psychiatric disorders (Freeman, 2001). It has been discovered that 47 percent of alcohol abusers have another affable problem, and a large fraction of this comorbidity is attributed to substance abuse (Freeman, 2001, 62). Individuals with mental health disorders, like bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety are also classified as high risk, since alcohol may be work as a way to self-medicate (Stelle & Scott, 2007). ... ns will discuss the assessment of familial alcohol abuse employ the nursing theories of Dorothea Orem and Jean Watson, the appropriate nursing intervention strategies using different components of the family systems theory, and the role of the advanced reading nurse as a case manager of familial alcohol abuse. Applying Dorothea Orems and Jean Watsons Theories in the Assessment of Familial Alcohol Abuse Dorothea Orem According to Dorothea Orem, when there is a possibility to adequately care for oneself and the person has the capacity to fulfill the possibility, self-care is feasible. If, on the contrary , the need or pressure is greater than the office of the individual to satisfy it, a discrepancy arises and this is referred to as self-care deficit (Freeman, 2001). The self-care deficit theory is the heart of the grounds theory of nursing of Orem for it defines when nursing is required. Nursing is needed when an adult does not have the capacity to bear continuous needed self-care (Grant & Litvak, 1997). Orems theory then can be applied to the assessment of familial alcohol abuse in several ways. In order to discern self-care capacity of a family member experiencing alcohol dependency, a thorough assessment should also determine aspects in the persons vitality that are more prone to motivate excessive alcohol consumption. These aspects, usually quite permanent and obstinate personal features may give the background situation that compels individuals toward alcohol dependency, varying drinking behavior, and capably heighten risk of regression (Grant & Litvak, 1997). From a cli nical point of view, putting emphasis on these background situations may aid in determining individuals who have the capacity to self-care. A vital background feature in relation to this is an

Managerial Accounting Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Accounting Problem - Essay interpreterDepreciation only influences net income through taxes, but because I compute before-tax NPV, this doesnt matter. The net cash advert from each year is identical, so the present value of all cash flows erect be measured as PV of annuity with annual payment of 500,000 for 20 years.2. When calculating after-tax NPV of the new lift, I continue development the data mensural in task 1, but expand it to include the effect of taxes. Depreciation is include in costs this time because it influences the income after tax and therefore the final cash flow. Depreciation is calculated based on MACRS recovery period of 10 years (taken from Table 6.4. on p.122, Brealey, Myers & Allen, 2006).The after-tax required harvesting of 8% is used to calculate the net present value of cash flows from the project. Because the net cash flows for periods 12 - 20 are identical, I first found their net present value at the ascendent of the 12th period and the n discounted them back to period 0.3. There is a number of subjective factors that can affect the investment decision apart from NPV of the project.

No topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

No topic - Assignment ExampleFinally, the overarching application of philosophy in reliable times were maintain in terms of updating previously archaic topics and issues to make them relevant and useful. These topics overwhelm a discussion on three identified areas medicine, environment, and feminism (Hildebrand).One found the intention to provide a definition of God as interesting yet still wanting. The definitions that were presented were still very a lot abstract and readers from a wide range of demographical and cultural background could find it challenging to grasp the concepts universe asserted. It was, likewise, commendable to try and explain the different constructs of religion as containing three common elements a centre a method and a divine guarantee (Hildebrand).Some ideas which were unique included establishing a tie in between religion and democracy as well as affirming that religion no longer plays a significant credible appeal in Western societys existence (Hil debrand). It could be asserted that the notion was primarily taking the authors perspective. One strongly swears that religion still plays an fighting(a) role in contemporary societies values and beliefs as it assists in the formation of values and conformity with deterrent example and ethical standards on a more universal and global scale.However, one finds it difficult to agree with the rivalry that If it can be appreciated that many of our most celebrated achievements have been directly facilitated by a human community (and not by God), then community may provide a reigning source of inspiration for this new, common faith (Hildebrand 202). One is convinced that human community, by nature, cannot be quarantined from the purpose of Gods creation. As such, the driving force of human community is still believed to be theologically spurred, especially for very religious groups, like predominantly Catholic nations. The steadfast and firm believe in God has entrenched values and b eliefs which emphasize

Personal Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Plan - Essay ensampleSuch a culture would provide room for innovation and creativity. The work schedule in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a culture would be convenient and suitable for individual employees. An ideal workplace culture would be the one in which goals, jobs, and expectations are clear. The management would be considerate and there would not be clashing demands. The culture would provide a supportive environment and encourage personal development and feedback. It would be a stable environment and one that provides for recognition of effort and celebration of success. Employees would enjoy work in such a workplace (Lawler & Thye, 2006).I think there is a relationship between effective conduct habits and techniques and being successful in such work cultures. Motivating oneself to study by setting goals would initiate personal discipline that is crucial for success in the workplace. Timetabling or charting ones time tradition teaches how to manage, effectively , time even when in the workplace. Effective listening skills are useful to students and they go a farsighted way to determining how the individual will get along with seniors and colleagues in the workplace. Participating in-group discussions equips individuals with skills necessary for teamwork that is an authoritative factor influencing success at the workplace. Taking breaks is an effective study technique, is also needed for success in the workplace because it allows individuals to reenergize and refresh, and prevents burn out (Lawler & Thye, 2006).My blind spots help me identify how it would feel working in a particular workplace. Some workplaces elicit strong negative reactions while others elicit strong corroboratory reactions. I consider working in the latter and avoid the former. One of my strengths is optimism and I consider working in a place that will help me live positively. Self-motivation is my strength and I look earlier to working in a

Teaching English Language Learners in the Content AreasMathematics Essay

Teaching incline manner of speaking Learners in the Content AreasMathematics - Essay ExampleTo address these challenges, there is need for teachers to employ specific strategies that place improve students learning experience and further improve performance among them (Egbert & Ernst-Slavit, 2010).To ensure that students engage meaningfully and that they social welfare from each other when learning mathematics, I suggest collaborative learning to be applied in class. Under this strategy, the teacher forms groups of four or five students, with each group containing an English native speaker. It is excessively ensured that students work with diverse student backgrounds a factor that allows each student to get exposed to unlike cultures. This strategy relies on the finding that collaborative learning among students can help break language barriers let out compared to direct teacher-student interaction (Anahalt, Farias & Farias, 2009).One of the main benefits of collaborative learn ing is that it fosters friendship among students from diverse backgrounds. Students, therefore, learn to deposit on each other in a positive way when solving mathematics problems. collaborative learning, in this case, uses diversity as a tool for learning rather than a challenge for English language learners. Additionally, this strategy promotes socially constructed learning, where the teacher acts as a mediator. The teacher uses language to monitor interactions within social relationships that in this case are groups of students. This benefit relies on the proposition that what individuals are made up of and how they think are functions of their social relationships. This strategy equally provides a rich language, encourages thinking, and consequently yields high-level academician performance among ELLs (Anahalt, Farias & Farias, 2009).One of the technologies presented by Grandgenett, Harris and Hofer (2009), is the virtual manipulative that allows teachers and students to concr etely represent abstract

Bankruptcy and Reorganization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bankruptcy and shake-up - Essay ExampleIf the remaining disposable monthly income is more than $166.66 then the person wont the means try and he is not eligible for Chapter 7.A person cannot file for Chapter 7 if a previous Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 was dismissed within the last 180 days. The reason for this is the person might come violated the speak to, the court ruled his filing is fraud or constituted an abuse of the bankruptcy system.From the higher up reasons there are high chances Beren might be granted his petition for involuntary bankruptcy. The other reasons that control go in his favor are the partnership debts, which is $380,000 and had $550 in the partnership bank account.Chapter 7 or chapter 11 is filed when a troubled business decides that it is unable to service its debt or pay its creditors. With a federal bankruptcy court it can file bankruptcy protection under either Chapter 7 or chapter 11. Chapter 11 is an attempt to stay in business under the supervision of a bankruptcy court for reorganization. A complete or partial relief is granted by court from most of the phoners debts and its contracts and company can make a fresh start.

REFLECTION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

REFLECTION - Research Paper ExampleI mat up very relieved after the first meeting because my English is week. I did not have the boldness to communicate things the way he did. So I was smart when he offered to do the compilation himself. The certify meeting also took place through a conference call. We all met and made our questions for the teams. Making the questions was not as easy as it seemed. I knew that whatever question I would come up with would smooth how deeply I understand things. The questions had to be sensible in order to project good jut out of the person asking them. So I conducted a thorough research and review of literature to premise the required concepts before deciding which questions I would propose. The third, fourth and fifth meetings were about organizing of the paper as tumefy as the presentation. I am good at organizing things and did my part of the job always in time. I am also very good at making presentations because I know how to adjust the col or in of the text with the colors of the background so that the colors do not merge with the background and so that the text is clearly readable. I am also quite skilled in the use of powerpoint, so I included some very good effects that all group members were very happy to see.The virtual meetings were more(prenominal) challenging for all of us generally and for me in particular because my English is not very good. It takes me some time to organize my thoughts and opinions in the form of questions or suggestions and put them in bearing of others in English whereas my other group members were very fluent in English and so easily conveyed whatever they had in their mind. Since the meetings were virtual, I was even more worried because when you are talking and everybody is listening to you in a conference call, and you take time to convey your point, it fills nervousness in you. May be if the meetings were skirt conferences, I would not be that much worried because in table confer ences, the others are looking more of you than

Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Public Health - Essay typeIts objective is to offer conditions in which citizens stub be fit and its focal point is one the sail through populations (Chin, 2000). Therefore, public wellbeing is concerned with the whole organization and not only the abolition of particular illnesses. care the task of the public wellbeing scheme comprises its objective at every point in moments and how, at the theoretical stage, these goals are prepared. At the start of the 21st era, the duty of community wellbeing is to guarantee situations that populaces can be fit. This task is conceptualized as being approved via the recital of the core purposes of evaluation, policy growth, and the declaration (Rugglero, 2007). The functions capture come to symbolize the universal conducts in which civic wellbeing difficulties are known and tackled via planned, communal labors. organise the structural ability of the public welfare organization is the increasing capital and relations essential to catch the vit al motiones of community fitness. Structural capacity comprises of the following basics organizational resources, information resources, fiscal, human and fleshly resources.Process the practice of community fitness can be considered in terms of primary processes via which practitioners insure for to identify, prioritize, and address society heath difficulties. Also, it seeks to recognize resources and productivity of the basic operations, policies, public health involvements, go, programs, and regulations. The means of worldwide fitness are those that recognize and tackle health difficulties. In addition, the methods also identify and attend to agendas and services reliable to community priorities and mandates (Chin, 2000).Outcome an organizations outcomes are the immediate and lasting change informal by communities, families, providers, inhabitants and individuals. It is also the cumulative consequence of the contact of the communal wellbeing systems process and structural ca pacity given

The programme for the harmonisation of Company Law in the European Essay

The programme for the harmonisation of Company Law in the European Union - Essay ExampleThe first Commission Proposal for a Publicity Directive depose be traced back to the year 1964, and the beginning of the EC harmonisation in Company Law is attach by the issuance of this First Directive in the year 1968. The first directive aimed at harmonising promotional material prerequisites applying to companies, the conditions under which company transactions will be considered valid and the rules relating of the nullity of companies. The Second Directive, issued eight historic period later, deals with the establishment of public limited liability companies and the maintenance and adjustment of their capital. Also, it had an approach different from the first directive many of the edible lay down elaborate procedures rather than simply directing the Member States to accomplish legislations to a certain end. Thus, for this reason, it has been the object of criticism in some circles. How ever, undeniably, this directive is of immense importance, represents a satisfying step towards company law harmonization in the European Community. Soon after the Second Directive, the third gear and Fourth directives were issued. The Third company law directive presented a new framework for conducting cross-border commercial activities. It had provisions for co-ordination of the procedures applying to internal mergers within Member States. The Fourth directive was concerned with disclosure of financial information and the content of a companys annual accounts. It acts complementarily with the First Directive and is supplemented by the Seventh Directive, which deals with group accounts.

Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Systems and Operations Management - Essay utilizationCompetition has progressed from one that is ground on particularized organisational practises to one that is highly influenced by the go forth irons of an organization. Supply chain anxiety has been conceptualized into five dimensions that posses the potential to determine the competitive advantage of a furrow especially in the manufacturing sector. Supply chain dimension are the determinant factors that influences the excellence of a special supply chain model adopted by a company specifically in the chemical substance specialty sector. These dimensions include but are not limited to alignment of the overall business strategies and the supply chain strategy and the execution of such strategies. Strategic depth of every supply chain management plan also word forms an important element of supply chain dimension that a company mustiness consider. All the steps taken in enhancing the competitiveness of a business targets th e customers who must register intent satisfaction with the supply chain performance, an important dimension in strategic management of supply chains. becoming supply chain management also creates competitive advantage by providing the link between lease creation and demand fulfilment by improving the ability of a business to design its products base on the desires and tastes of the customers. ... Speciality chemicals include materials such as adhesives, agrichemicals, polymers, fragrances, food additives and surfactants. As products that are majorly used base on the basis of their performance and function, supply chain management plays a signifi nookyt role in the development of proper products that can suit the demands of other industries and individuals. Speciality companies belong to different associations depending on their outlandish of origin and the nature of products that they generally produce. In the United Kingdom, speciality industries belong to the British associa tion of chemical specialties while American version is the society of chemical manufacturers and affiliates. Apex industrial chemicals is a British based company with its headquarters in Aberdeen and supplies companies and individual clients different products for use in specific specialty industries. The products manufactured by the company include cleaners, degreasers, scale dissolvers, lubricants, corrosion preventives and hand care products. The products form Apex industrial chemicals targets players in other industries including the vehicle exterior cleaning and maintenance, electrical equipment maintenance and meeting place and engineering among others (Berning et al, 2002). Apex also manufactures products that targets onshore marine companies that are used in mining and offshore oil drilling. The widespread market presence of AIC across Europe and other parts of the world can be attributed to the sound supply management strategy that the company has employed. This has enabl ed the company to manufacture products that meets the demands and specifications of the clients found at heart different sectors of the economy. Example would be low cost

How to Write a Research Paper Essay Example for Free

How to bring out a Research Paper EssayThis should be sent to a journal Very bully work, but Im non sure why Alan Bundy hasnt written this? Anonymous come off Clearly the causation fails to understands Walshs previous work on this topic 1st Lesson get dressedt lose heart Even if you do everything right, reviewing is imperfect Good musical compositions will be rejected But try to learn from your knock-backs Why you? Academic carg peerlessr Publish or perish stick an impact Communicate your subjects Many yield not had the impact they deserve for being bad writers theme is romp Outline How to get your makeup rejected There are many traps even experienced researchers make Myself very much included Hints about how to write a paper paper is a craft not a science How to be rejected choose over-length Blind man institutionalize in 7 pages even though the instructions clearly say 5 Once they pull in quality of work, theyll be pleased you sent in more materia l How to be rejected Submit over-length Diplomatic immunity put extra 2 pages in appendix Appendices clearly usurpt count Similarly, bibliography doesnt count How to be rejected Submit over-length LaTeX hacker change from 11 to 9 point font squeeze inter-line space No one will ever circular How to be rejected Submit late Deadlines are meant for everyone else Review schedules have plenty of slack Your paper is deserving the wait How to be rejected You dont have room for space wasters corresponding Motivation, Background, Related work Why do review forms evermore have these on them anyway? How to be rejected Annoy contributor/ lecturer Proof is trivial, when it isnt Prove the trivial Fail to recognition their work Only cite yourself How to be rejected Annoy reader/reviewer Dont bother to spell check What do computers know about spelling anyway? Use completely the old cliches There has been a lot of interest belatedly in world(prenominal) timiditys . How to be rejected Annoy reader/reviewer Be pompous, boring, This is science not literature guys, who said it should be fun? Be overly formal Theorems and formulas add weight How to be rejected Annoy reader/reviewer Make them re bothy work After in all, these are dif? cult concepts and it as well ask you some time Ignore reviews willd keep sending paper in, eventually it will be accepted How to write a paper Hints about how to write Preparation Writing itself Ethics Preparation assume, read, read To learn how to write, read a lot I spend over 20% of my time reading 1 day/ workweek in library Read, Read, Read Related literature So you ignore cite it So you dont re-invent wheels So you know what others think are of the essence(predicate) research questions Read, Read, Read Other congregation/journal papers where you intend to publish So you learn the house style So you tidy sum place your work within the bigger picture So you learn how to bri ng good questions Read, Read, Read Any sort of literature Magazines, youngs, biographies, Writing is a skill, learn from others I read approx one novel/week as a way of trying to learn how to write And I have the luxury of writing in my own language Review, Review, Review Review as much as you can So you see good/bad writing So you see the newest results (but see ethics) So you ask yourself good questions What is the contribution here? What are the weaknesses? Write, Write, Write The best preparation to writing is to write Writing gets easier the more you do it Writing is easier if youve drafted much of what you already need Writing is the best way to grind away your thoughts Writing is a good way to record what you have through with(p). Writing become out the timetable rush papers frequently rejected Late papers are almost always rejected If you always write to deadlines, writing will seem more painful than it is Writing Work out the meaning You should b e able to convey this in one sentence We propose a new global constraint, provide a ? ltering algorithm and show it useful on some standard benchmarks Writing Work out the message You should be able to convey this in one sentence We identify an important class of symmetry, and show how to break it Write to the message Writing Distribute the work Play to your strengths If you have a native speaker, have them write intro/conclusion Write to length Brutally splay papers are frequently rejected Writing Structure paper before you write it I write template for paper with sections and subsection headings ? rst Intro, Background, Theoretical results, Empirical results, Related work, Conclusions Writing Start where you are most happy Often write from the middle outwards Theoretical results, Experiments, , Conclusions, Introduction, Abstract Writing find oneself of Three Say everything 3 times Introduce idea (introduction) Develop idea (body of paper) Summarize result ( conclusions) But dont copy verbatim the same text Title Make it purposeful and brief Dont make a joke Remember someone reading origin needs to be able to work out likely contents Good the TSP phase transformation Bad Easy Problems are sometimes Hard Abstract Executive summary Try for one sentence or so on Motivation Method Key result Conclusions Introduction What is the line? Why is it interesting? What are your contributions? What is the outline of what you will show?Introduction Lure the reader in a with a good ? rst sentence Bad There has been a lot of work recently on phase transition behaviour Good Global constraints are central to the success of constraint programming Background Often need to set scene De? ne formalism Get reader up to speed Identify research problem Body of Paper Derive theoretical results counsel new algorithm Describe system engineered Results Bullet proof paper Theoretical results Experiments only provide a limited view Experimental results Theory doesnt show if results are useful in practice.Related work Has many purposes You give proper credit to prior work You are not re-inventing wheel You can compare what you do with what has been done before Conclusions Remind reader of what you have done Place work in wider context What general lessons might be learnt from this study? Flag all the exciting open research directions Acknowledgements Thank all who have helped you Provided code, data sets, Thank ? nancial sponsors Writing progress it simple Active, not passive Present, not past or future Long words scant(p) sentences Writing Avoid temptation to include every result you have Paper needs to be coherent Paper needs to be understandable Many papers are rejected for having too many results Ethics of Writing Authorship Citation Submission Publication Authorship Who should be an author? Anyone who has made a signi? cant contribution May not have written any text Always err on the side of caution Authorship Who should be an author? Ask Youll be surprised how often people refuse You can be sure theyll not work with you once more if they feel they should be Authorship Should my advisor be an author? In ? rst few years of thesis, likely yes .. Once you graduate, you should (be able to) write papers on your own Again, ask Citation Cite all relevant work Reviews always ask about Related Work Youll want them to cite you Its central to the scienti? c method We stand on the shoulders of others Citation Do I cite myself for a blind review? Yes You must credit all previous work Either cite Author, 2004 Or write As Walsh has shown previously Walsh 2004 Submission Can I submit to multiple conferences? Whats the circularize with the disclaimer (This paper is not under review ..)? Can I submit to a journal immediately? No hard and fast rules My rule, once reviews are back and paper is effectively in press Publication Can I publish my co nference paper as it is in a journal? Probably not, even though conference is not archival Most journals ask you to traverse conference paper substantially Proofs, more experiments, Final words It takes time to learn how to write Dont be put off if at ? rst your have papers rejected All of us have papers rejected Spend time learning how to write It will be worth the investment.

Mayanmar Army Essay Example for Free

Mayanmar Army EssayIntroduction1.The Myanmar Army (Tatmadaw Kyee in local language) is the land broker of the military machine of Myanmar. The Myanmar Army is the largest branch of the build up Forces of Myanmar and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-establish legions operations. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest ready force in S step to the foreheast Asia after Vietnams Vietnam Peoples Army. 2.The Myanmar Army has a troop strength nearly 492,000. The array has rich chip experience in fighting insurgents in rough terrains, considering it has been conducting non-stop counter-insurgence operations against ethnic and governmental insurgents since its inception in 1948. 3.The force is headed by the Commander in Chief (Army), currently Vice superior General Maung Aye.The highest rank in the Myanmar Army is Senior General, equivalent to Field Marshal position in Western Armies and is currently held by Senior General Than Shwe. The disproof budget of the Myanmar Military is 7.07 billion US dollars. 4.Defence Policy of Myanmar Tatmadaw was formally declargond in February, 1999. The decl ard policy outlined the tenet of thoroughgoing peoples vindication for the Union of Myanmar. Threats to the national unity, territorial integrity and sovereign independence of the Union of Myanmar are the most measurable security objectives and considered as holy terrors to the security of state. In the process of formulating Defence Policy and Military Doctrine from a strategic perspective, Tatmadaw has on a lower floorgone three phases.History5.First phase (post-independence/civil war era).The starting signal phase of the dogma was demonstrable in proto(prenominal) 1950s to cope with external threats from more(prenominal) reigning enemies with a outline of strategic Denial under pompous warfare. The perception of threats to state security was more external than national threats. The upcountry threat to state security was mana ged through the use of a mixture of force and political persuasion. police lieutenant Colonel Maung Maung drew up defense force precept based on formulaic warfare concepts, with large invertebrate foot divisions, armoured brigades, tanks and motorised war with mass mobilisation for the war effort being the important subdivision of the philosophical system. The objective was to contain the offensive of the invading forces at the touch for at least(prenominal) three months, patch waiting for the arrival of international forces, similar to the police natural process by international intervention forces under the directive of United Nations during the war on Korean peninsula.However, the conventional strategy under the concept of total war was undermined by the lack of appropriate master and mark system, proper logistical assume structure, goodish economic bases and efficient civil defensive structure organisations. At the beginning of 1950s, while Tatmadaw was able to r eassert its control over most secern of the country, Kuomintang (KMT) troops under General Li Mai, with support from United States, invaded Myanmar and apply the countrys frontier as a springboard for attack against Peoples Republic of China, which in turn became the external threat to state security and sovereignty of Myanmar. The number one phase of the doctrine was tested for the first m in Operation Naga Naing in February 1953 against invading KMT forces. The doctrine did not take into account logistic and political support for KMT from United States and as a go out it failed to deliver the objectives and ended in humiliating defeat for the Tatmadaw.The and so Tatmadaw leadership argued that the excessive media coverage was partly to blame for the failure of Operation Naga Naing. For showcase, brigadier general General Maung Maung pointed out that nakedspapers, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Nation, carried reports detailing the training and troops positioning, ev en went as far to the name and tender background of the commanders who are leading the operation thus losing the element of surprise. Colonel Saw Myint, who was second in command for the operation, also complained about the long lines of communications and the excessive pressure imposed upon the units for public relations activities in order to prove that the support of the people was behind the operation. 6.Second phase (KMT violation/BSPP era).Despite failure, Tatmadaw continued to rely on this doctrine until the mid 1960s. The doctrine was under constant review and modifications throughout KMT invasion and gained success in anti-KMT operations in the mid and young 1950s.However, this strategy became increasingly irrelevant and unsuitable in the late 1950s as the insurgents and KMT changed their positional warfare strategy to hit-and-run rebel warfare. At the 1958 Tatmadaws annual domineering Officers (COs) conference, Colonel Kyi Win submitted a report outlining the requirem ent for sensitive military doctrine and strategy. He stated that Tatmadaw did not have a clear strategy to cope with insurgents, even though most of Tatmadaws commanders were guerrilla fighters during the anti-British and Japanese campaigns during the Second World War, they had very little k this instantledge of anti-guerrilla or counterinsurgency warfare. Based upon Colonel Kyi Wins report, Tatmadaw begin growing an appropriate military doctrine and strategy to meet the requirements of counterinsurgency warfare.7.This second phase of the doctrine was to stamp down insurgency with peoples war and the perception of threats to state security was more of internal threats. During this phase, external linkage of internal problems and direct external threats were minimised by the alien policy based on isolation. It was common view of the commanders that unless insurgency was suppressed, foreign interference would be highly probable, therefore counterinsurgency became the core of the n ew military doctrine and strategy. Beginning in 1961, the Directorate of Military Training took charge the research for national defence planning, military doctrine and strategy for both internal and external threats. This included reviews of international and domestic political situations, studies of the likely sources of conflicts, collection of information for strategic planning and defining the possible routes of foreign invasion.1.In 1962, as part of new military doctrine planning, principles of anti-guerrilla warfare were outlined and counterinsurgency-training courses were delivered at the training schools. The new doctrine set(p) out three potential enemies and they are internal insurgents, diachronic enemies with roughly an equal strength (i.e. Thailand), and enemies with greater strength. It states that in suppressing insurgencies, Tatmadaw must be trained to conduct long-range penetration with a tactic of endless search and destroy. Reconnaissance, Ambush and all weath er day and night offensive and attack capabilities along with win the hearts and minds of people are important parts of anti-guerrilla warfare. For countering an historical enemy with equal strength, Tatmadaw should fight a conventional warfare under total war strategy, without giving up an inch of its territory to the enemy. For powerful enemy and foreign invaders, Tatmadaw should engage in total peoples war, with a special focus on guerrilla strategy.8.To prepare for the transition to the new doctrine, Brigadier General San Yu, the then Vice Chief of cater (Army), displace a delegation led by deputy Colonel Thura Tun Tin was sent to Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and East Germany in July 1964 to landing field organisation structure, armaments, training, territorial organisation and strategy of peoples militias. A research team was also create at General Staff Office within the War Office to study defence capabilities and militia formations of neighbouring countries. The new doctrine of total peoples war, and the strategy of anti-guerrilla warfare for counterinsurgency and guerrilla warfare for foreign invasion, were designed to be appropriate for Myanmar.The doctrine flowed from the countrys independent and active foreign policy, total peoples defence policy, the nature of comprehend threats, its geography and the regional environment, the size of its population in comparison with those of its neighbours, the relatively underdeveloped nature of its scrimping and its historical and political experiences. The doctrine was based upon three totalities population, time and space (du-thone-du) and four strengths manpower, material, time and morale (Panama-lay-yat). The doctrine did not develop concepts of strategic denial or counter-offensive capabilities. It relied almost totally on irregular low-intensity warfare, such as its guerrilla strategy to counter any form of foreign invasion.The overall counterinsurgency strategy included not only elimi nation of insurgents and their support bases with the four cut strategy, but also the build and designation of white area and black area as well. 9.In April 1968, Tatmadaw introduced special warfare training programmes at Command Training Centres at various regional commands. Anti-Guerrilla warfare tactics were taught at combat forces schools and new(prenominal)(a) training establishments with special emphasis on ambush and counter-ambush, counterinsurgency weapons and tactics, individual battle initiative for tactical independence, commando tactics, and reconnaissance. Battalion size operations were also practised in the South West regional Military Command area. The new military doctrine was formally endorsed and adopted at the first troupe congress of the BSPP in 1971.5 BSPP laid down directives for complete annihilation of the insurgents as one of the tasks for national defence and state security and called for liquidation of insurgents through the strength of the working pe ople as the immediate objective.This doctrine ensures the role of Tatmadaw at the heart of national policy making. 10.Throughout BSPP era, the total peoples war doctrine was solely employ in counterinsurgency operations, since Myanmar did not flavour any direct foreign invasion throughout the period. In 1985, the then Lieutenant General Saw Maung, Vice-Chief of Staff of Tatmadaw reminded his commanders during his speech at the Command and General Staff College. In Myanmar, during that time, out of nearly 35 million people, the combined armed forces (army, navy and air force) are about two hundred thousand. In terms of percentage, that is about 0.01 percent. It is simply impossible to comprise a country the size of ours with only this handful of troops therefore, what we have to do in the case of foreign invasion is to mobilise people in accordance with the total peoples war doctrine.In order to defend our country from aggressors, the entire population must be touch on in the war effort as the support of people dictate the outcome of the war. 11.Third phase (SLORC/SPDC era).The third phase of doctrinal development of Myanmar fortify Forces came after the military take over and formation of State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) in September, 1988 as part of armed forces modernisation programme. The development was the reflection of sensitivity towards direct foreign invasion or invasion by proxy state during the turbulent years of the late 80s and early 90s, for example unauthorised presence of US Aircraft Carrier Group in Myanmars territorial waters during 1988 political uprising as evidence of an infringement of Myanmars sovereignty.Also, Tatmadaw leadership was concerned that foreign powers might arm the insurgents on the Myanmar border to exploit the political situation and tensions in the country. This new threat perception, previously insignificant under the nations isolationistic foreign policy, led Tatmadaw leaders to review the defence capability and doctrine of the Tatmadaw. 12.The third phase was to face the lower level external threats with a strategy of strategic denial under total peoples defence concept. Current military leadership has successfully dealt with 17 major insurgent groups, whose return to legal creese in the past decade has remarkably decreased the internal threats to state security, at least for the short(p) and medium terms, even though threat perception of the possibility of external linkage to internal problems, perceived as being motivated by the continuing human rights violations, religious suppression and ethnic cleansing, rest high. 13.Within the policy, the role of the Tatmadaw was defined as a modern, strong and highly capable fighting force.Since the day of independence, the Tatmadaw has been involved in restoring and maintaining internal security and suppressing insurgency. It was with this background that Tatmadaws multifaceted defence policy was formulated and its military doctr ine and strategy could be interpreted as defence-in-depth. It was influenced by a number of factors such as history, geography, culture, economy and sense of threats. Tatmadaw has developed an active defence strategy based on guerrilla warfare with circumscribed conventional military capabilities, designed to cope with low intensity conflicts from external and internal foes, which threatens the security of the state.This strategy, revealed in joint services exercises, is built on a system of total peoples defence, where the armed forces provide the first line of defence and the training and leadership of the nation in the matter of national defence. It is designed to disapprove potential aggressors by the knowledge that defeat of Tatmadaws regular forces in conventional warfare would be followed by persistent guerrilla warfare in the occupied areas by people militias and dispersed regular troops which would eventually wear down the invading forces, both physically and psychologica lly, and leave it vulnerable to a counter-offensive.If the conventional strategy of strategic denial fails, then the Tatmadaw and its auxiliary forces will follow Maos strategic concepts of strategic defensive, strategic stalemate and strategic offensive. 14.Over the past decade, through a series of modernisation programs, Tatmadaw has developed and invested in check Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence system real-time intelligence formidable air defence system and early warning systems for its strategic denial and total peoples defence doctrine.Structure of Myanmar Army15.The Army has always been by far, the largest service in Myanmar and has always received the lions share of the Defence Budget. Working Papers Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU Andrew Selth mogul Without Glory (ISBN-10 1891936131) It has played the most prominent part in Myanmars struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. In 1981, it was describe as probably the best army to fight insurgency in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnams. Far easterly Economic Review, 20 May 1981 This judgement was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that Myanmars Infantry is principally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia. Far Eastern Economic Review, 7 July 1983 16.In 1985, a foreign journalist with the rare experience of seeing Burmese soldiers in action against ethnic insurgents and narco-armies was thoroughly impressed by their fighting skills, endurance and discipline. Bertil Lintner, Land of Jade Other commentators throughout that time characterised the Myanmar Army as the toughest, most effective infirm infantry jungle force now operating(a) in Southeast Asia. AsiaWeek 21 Feb. 1992 Even the Thais, not known to praise the Burmese clevernessly, have set forth the Myanmar Army as skilled in the art of jungle warfare. The Defence of Thailand (Thai Government is sue), p.15, April 1995 Thai soldiers quick acknowledge, albeit privately, the toughness and determination of their Myanmar counterparts. Despite its preoccupation with retaining political power, the Myanmar Army has never lost sight of its defence role, and over the past 12 years, it has implemented a wide range of measures which have significantly enhance its military capabilities.Expansion17.The Tatmadaws organizational and command structure dramatically changed after the military coup in 1988. The first army division was formed in the year 1966. It was the 77th Light Infantry Division (LID) as rapid reaction mobile forces for strike operations. In March 1990, a new constituental Military Command (RMC) was opened in Monywa with Brigadier Kyaw Min as commander and named North-Western RMC. A year later(prenominal) 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Col. Saw Tun as commander. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to facilitate command and control . They were commanded respectively by Brigadier Soe Tint and Brigadier Maung Kyi. March 1995 cut a dramatic expansion of the Tatmadaw as it established 11 Military Operations Commands (MOC)s in that month. MOCs are similar to Mechanized Infantry Divisions in western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, and organic support units including field artillery batteries.Then in 1996, two new RMC were opened, Coastal Region RMC was opened in Myeik with Brigadier Sit Maung as commander and Triangle Region RMC in Kengtung with Brigadier Thein Sein as commander. Three more new ROCs were opened in Kalay, Bhamo and Mongsat. In late 1998, two new MOCs were opened in Bokepyin and Mongsat. WP 342. Australian National University The most significant expansion after the infantry in the army was in Armour and Artillery.Beginning in 1990, the Myanmar Army (Tatmadaw) procured 18 T-69II tanks and 48 T-63 amphibious light tanks from China. Further procurem ents were made, including several hundred Type 85 and Type 92 armoured personnel carriers (APC). By the beginning of 1998, Tatmadaw had about 100+ T-68II main battle tanks, a similar number of T-63 amphibious light tanks and several T-59D tanks. These tanks and armoured personnel carriers were distributed into five armoured infantry battalions and five tank battalions and formed the first Armoured Division of the Tatmadaw under the name of 71st Armoured Operations Command with its headquarters in Pyawbwe. posture and organization18.By 2000, the Myanmar Army had reached some 370,000 all ranks. There were 337 infantry battalions, including 266 light infantry battalions. Although the Myanmar Armys organisational structure was based upon the regimental system, the basic manoeuvre and fighting unit is the battalion, known as Tat Yin in Burmese, which comprised a headquarters unit four rifle companies (tat khwe) with three rifle platoons (Tat Su) each an administration company with medica l, transport, logistics and signals units a heavy weapons company including mortar, machine gun and recoilless gun platoons. Each battalion is commanded a Lieutenant Colonel (du bo hmu gyi) with a Major (bo hmu) as 2IC (Second in Command), with a total establishment strength of 27 officers and 723 other ranks.Light infantry battalions in Myanmar Army have much lower establishment strength of around 500 as a result this often leads to these units being mistakenly identified by the observers and reporters as under strength infantry battalions. 19.With its significantly increased personnel numbers, weaponry and mobility, todays Tatmadaw Kyee is a formidable conventional defence force for the Union of Myanmar. Troops ready for combat duty have at least doubled since 1988. Logistics infrastructure and Artillery Fire Support has been greatly increased.Its newly acquired military might was manifest in the Tatmadaws dry season operations against Karen National Union (KNU) strongholds in Ma nerplaw and Kawmura. Most of the casualties at these battles were the result of intense and heavy bombardment by the Tatmadaw Kyee. Not only that Tatmadaw Kyee is now much larger than it was in pre-1988, it is more mobile and has greatly improved armour, artillery and air defence inventories.Its C3I (Command Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence) systems have been expanded and refined. It is growing larger and more integrated, self-sustained formations which should lend themselves to better coordinated action by different combat arms. The army may still have relatively modest weaponry compared to its larger neighbours, but it is now in a much better position to deter external aggression and respond to such a threat should it ever arise. The organisational tree is attached as annexure-A.Commander in Chief (Army)20.Until 1990, Myanmar Armed Forces has Chief of Staff system and Myanmar Army was led by Vice Chief of Staff (Army). In 1990, Myanmar Armed Forces was reorgani zed and all three branches of Armed Forces are now led by Commander-in-Chief.

Social Medias Negative Influences on Social Interaction Essay Example for Free

Social Medias Negative Influences on Social Inter spielion Es dictateThe employ of this study is to observe complete strangers and familiar crowds of mountain in a java patronage compass, and a college setting, and document the purpose of genial media and their actions with a nonher(prenominal) spate. The goal of these posters is to see how more concourse cordi wholey act with bingle close to different, and how much clip plenty seclude themselves through the employment of fond media. The observer pass on excessively record the exit ofinteractions that atomic number 18 created through cordial media topics, meaning converses that would non find descendred if affectionate media was not stupefy. It is the prediction of the antecedent that heap argon less likely to lovingize with expression to buttock conversations, and atomic number 18 more(prenominal) likely to spend their time in a cordial environment victimization affectionate media and interacting with others online with the use of their accessible media devices. The data dispassionate lead give the lector a crack understanding of how society prefers to interact well-disposedly in present day, and what percentage of their time do they depend on the use of affable media in a genial environment.Does loving media positively or negatively yield accessible interactions? How is fond media use as an external attribution?Introduction.Technology has lessen so remote e precise everywhere the last twenty years, and nobody really asked what society was losing, because of all that we gained. With all the interactions occurring in social media, including text messaging, Facebook, Twitter, email, YouTube, etc., do we really advertise in psyche bothmore? Was it that long past where our culture was dependent on pay addresss and had to mail letters to contact other hoi polloi? Because of the wish of convenience that population had during that time, it was very common to prefer to interact with lot pose to grammatical case. Now we absorb a go at it in a culture that concourse prefer to write text messages and/or emails, instead of occupational assembly individual to lift talking with them directly. In a span of ab bulge kayoed decade dollar bill years, our culture went from deficient prison cellular telephone phones to becoming dependent on cell phones, and having or soly to do with macrocosm sufficient to take over data (texts, emails, internet browsing), as opposed to bellyacheing people. It is because of all these facts that this informant wishes to find step up if social media is helping us interact socially, or if it actually pr issues us from interacting. Another purpose of this question paper is to determine whether social media is used as an external attribution.External attribution is defined when an fifty-fiftyt is caused by an outback(a) factor (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005), or in this case, social media. In this read, we allow find out if the event that occurs due to social media use is face to face interactions, the extended use of additional social media, or no interactions at all. It is believed that behavior settlements from personal and environmental, or social influences. In this exact, we go out find out if social media being present go a bearing causeconversation to take place between multitudes of people that know each other, as healthful as complete strangers. What to a fault leave be enter is whether the use of social media will result in social media interactions, as opposed to face to face interactions. An example of this would be if a person use social media on their dining tablet saw a YouTube video, and due to how funny they found the video, they then proceeded to text friends or post information on Facebook and/or Twitter somewhat the video. This study will take place in twain different locations, the original place being a Starbucks umber grass over in Coalinga, CA, temporary hookup the arcsecond place will be West Hills Community College in Coalinga, CA. The settings benefits and weaknesses will be discussed later in this research assignment. The purpose of this location is to record the actions and uses of social media with complete strangers, as well as groups of people that know each other.By supervise the interactions of people in a deep brown hook, the author is able to see how much time that people entrust on social media in a fractional hour setting. The java hook is used primarily as a place to study, interact in groups, read the newspaper, or to simply drink hot chocolate. As opposed to a restaurant, where it is a more social atmosphere and it may be considered rude by patrons for people in their group to use their cell phones, tablets, and laptops. By observing the use of social media and social interactions at a college, we can see how akin(predicate) or different the results ar in a school setting. This case study will move over to the purposes of social psychology, as social psychology is defined as how people influence one another (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005). The twist that will appear in the research to follow is how not still people influence other people, but how their use of social media influences other people and their interactions with other people. It is the authors dead reckoning that the use of social media, although very useful at times, is devastating to normal face to face interaction. We ar reminded of those people travel spile the sidewalks with their heads buried into their cell phones, ca exploitation them to run into other people and obstacles on the sidewalk. The author excessively believes that this research will find that most, or all interactions that do exist, will occur through the use of social media instead of normal conversations.Setting.The two different locations where this study will be held will be at a Starbucks coffee shop and a fraternity college, both of which ar primed(p) in Coalinga, CA. These locations were both elect because they offer the author the best chance for naturalistic observation, or nonparticipant observation. Nonparticipant observation is defined as an observation made by a researcher that allows them to remain let on from the event being monitored, so they do not have to worry rough motivateing the results of their observations (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005). Since this study deals with monitoring other peoples use of social media and its influence on their social interactions, it is incumbent to remain distant from the participants so they are unaware they are being observed, so that the data collected is more accurate. Different from participant observation, where the observer interacts with the participants being monitored, nonparticipant observation allows the observer the best chance to bring realistic data. When people know they are being observed, t hey tend to act differently, and in the case of this study, they may hesitate from interacting socially and/or using social media as much as they normally would.The original observation will take place in the only coffee shop in the town of Coalinga, CA. This is relevant, as Coalinga is a small college town, so the chances of observing college students and adults interacting and/or using social media are high. The second observation will take place outside in the quad at the local community college in Coalinga, CA. The fag audience for this observation period will be students who are getting out of class, or who are sitting some killing time until their next class begins. Both settings target a young audience, which will heighten the chances of observing social media use, since social media is used more by young adults than honest-to-goodness adults (Skues, testamentiams Wise, 2012). The goal of these two locations is to give the author the best chance to see the most use of social media, and how its use affects social interactions between the users and the people around them, all in a thirty minute time period.Location Advantages.The advantages of observations made in a coffee shop and a college setting are that it allows the author to target a young audience, which shouldgenerate observations of social media use and its affect on social interactions. When people go to coffee shops, they stay thither to interact with other people, to study, or to hang out and spend time using social media. This is why most coffee shops have free Wi-Fi now, to encourage people to stay and drink more coffee dapple they interact socially or use social media. Another benefit of observing interactions and social media use in a coffee shop is that we find a large number of groups coming in in concert, as well as complete strangers placed next to each other. This studys purpose is to monitor the social media use and social interactions of complete strangers, as well as people that know each other. In the group setting, we can see if everyone in the group uses social media, and whether they let their findings on social media to visible light up conversation topics. With souls, we can see how much they use social media and whether their use prevents them from trying to interact socially with complete strangers, or encourages them to start conversations with complete strangers.At the college setting, it gives the author similar skirts to a coffee shop, in that it is a social environment, since most students hang out with their friends earlier and subsequently class. A common occurrence at school is to see students doing readying, socializing with friends, or using social media before class since it usually is not allowed during class. Some students may even use social media to help with their home take a shit assignments. While observing the college, the author will get the chance to see groups of people interacting, as well as students hanging out by themselves, which views it similar to the coffee shop environment.Location Disadvantages. ace damage that may occur at the coffee shop is that the observer cannot control how m both people go in during the thirty minute observation period, thus making it an uncontrolled environment. The hope is that, since the small town only has one coffee shop, it will be a popular place for people to go interact and use social media. If the author chooses to go on a slow day for business, the observations will be limited. This will obviously be affected by the time that the author chooses to go observe. To avoid anyissues, the observer will do this observation on a weekend morning, in hopes of avoiding work and school hours. Another discriminate of a coffee shop is that it has a similar environment to a library, since so many people are present, people can avoid interactions to keep the place tranquility for everyone to enjoy their experience. The fact that people are ordering drinks at the front counter and there is sort of a bit of noise coming from the workers and coffee machines, the chances of it being quiet are small.One disadvantage of the college setting is the fact that the observation will be made outside, and weather can affect the number of students being present outside. The fact that Coalinga is a very warm area, the chances of it being cold in the mid-afternoon are small, so this should not be a huge issue. The other disadvantage of the college setting is, like the coffee shop, it is an uncontrolled environment, so the observer cannot control the number of students present at the time of observation. To prevent any issues here, the observer will choose a time around lunch, where most classes are on snitch from the hours of 1200pm- 100pm.How social psychology considers social media in this environment.Since social psychology is defined as peoples behaviors influenced by others (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005), this case study is specifically tar geting how people interact around one another. The external factor in this study is that we are also monitoring the use of social media, and how it affects how people interact with each other. According to Gross (2009), in 2000, 34% of our population used cell phones, which change magnitude to 84% in 2009. This is clear evidence that nowadayss generation is becoming dependant on cell phones, tablets, laptops, and other social media devices. Knowing this, and reading what Marche researched (2012), people are using social media more than ever. The problem lies in the fact that people using social media could be a result of people feeling lonely, and through the use of social media, they feel connected to something or someone.According to Marche, people are lonely as ever because Facebook denies us a plea convinced(predicate) whose profundity we had underestimated the chance to forget about ourselves for a man, the chance to disconnect. (2012) What Marche means by this is in the pas t, people had the chance to disconnect from everything andeveryone, especially when things were not going so well. Now society never disconnects, because everything is a click a room. The more people use social media, the less interaction they have with other people face to face, thus creating a produce of loneliness.This study fits the purposes of social psychology because it will monitor how peoples actions and interactions are affected by the people that surround them, as well as the social media that is present around them. The observer will see how much conversation is started without the use of social media, and compare it to conversation started through topics of social media. Will people by themselves have the assumption to go on people they do not know to have a conversation? If so, will it be a result of the person being outgoing or the result of social media sparking a conversation? The observer will see groups and how they interact with one another, and how much of it depends on social media. Will the interactions between groups be different between those of strangers, in regards to social media use? These are all questions that the author will target throughout his research and observations.Research Methods.To conduct this research, the author first went to a Starbucks coffee shop on a Sunday morning at ten oclock in the morning. The coffee shop is rigid in Coalinga, California. The reason this time was chosen was because it is a college town, so a weekday morning would most likely be slow, and most people have work off on weekends. The goal was to try and observe the most crowded time possible, in order to get the most accurate results throughout the observation. Though the research was do in a very small town, the Starbucks coffee shop gloss over attracts a lot of business on weekends. Since this study was to be done with naturalistic observation methods, the author chose to get a seat in the far corner of the coffee shop, so that he could avoid people being aware of his presence and monitoring. By not letting the participants know that they were being monitored, the author felt that the data collected would be a more accurate portrayal of how they normally would interact socially, and how much those interactions were affected by the use of social media. Due to participantschange of behavior when they are aware of their actions being recorded, the naturalistic observation method can be an effective look to get the most accurate results when monitoring peoples actions (Rosas, 2006).The second setting for data collection was done at West Hills Community College, located in Coalinga, California. Although this is a smaller college, there are still plenty of classrooms that are all located outside, which allowed the author the chance to sit nearby a classroom door and monitor the students waiting to go into class, as well as the students just getting out of class. The author chose to use natural observations when monitor ing these students throughout the case study at the college. The observations also focused on the teachers that walked around campus, and their interactions with other teachers and students. comparable to the observations made at the coffee shop, these were done at the school by the author staying out of the way of those who were being monitored. The author was able to find a table across from the classroom, where many students gathered together small-arm they waited to go into class. These were the two settings in which the research for this study were done by the author.Ethical Challenges.Since naturalistic observations are defined as those made by a researcher who neither changes the environment in any way, nor creates their own desired environment (Capella, 2013), the only challenge presented to the author in this study was not being found to be monitoring by the people who he was observing. Since the coffee shop is a smaller venue, it was difficult to not stick out while obse rving the actions of people so mingy to the author. At the school, it was much easier to blend in as the author was outside and could put sunglasses on, so people could not see his eyes. As mentioned earlier, the study results could only be found accurate if the author did not intervene with the participants, since this is the only way to view the participants in their natural habitat (Capella, 2013). The only way this study was found to be ethical was if it was done without intervening with the participants. This also included not using personal information from the participants, so none of the documented results could be connected to people who were unaware they were being monitored. Sincenone of these issues were breached, the research done was ethical.Research Analysis.The author made naturalistic observations at two individual settings, each for a twenty minute period of time. The first observation was done at the Starbucks in Coalinga, California, on January 26, 2014. The se cond observation was done at West Hills Community College in Coalinga, California, on February 4, 2014. In the twenty minute observation period at the local Starbucks, the researcher witnessed three groups of people cut into the coffee shop together and eight individuals, three of whom were already present before the researcher got to the coffee shop. In the twenty minute observation period at the college, the researcher saw one group of 6 students, one group of three teachers, and two individuals all outside a classroom door.Groups.The first group witnessed at the Starbucks was a group of three women, two in their early fifties, and one who appeared to be a college student. The women came in and interacted with each other while waiting in line, and then grabbed a table once their order was ready. The younger miss checked her phone three different times while in line with the two older ladies, and appeared to be texting back and forth. This routine brought up some discourse with one of the older women, who appeared to be the mother of the younger girl. The mother asked who she was texting, and then asked how the friend who the younger girl was texting was doing. Once they sat down, the younger girl texted on her phone only a few times, as the time spent at the table between the ladies dealt with interacting about the young girls popular opinion of the town of Coalinga. At no point during their ten minute sit down did any of the women interact with any other people that were in the coffee shop, as they stayed completely in group. The author noted that the younger girl appeared more interested in what texts she was getting on her phone than what the two older women were talking about, but she refrained from using it similarly much.In the second group, which came a few minutes after the first group, therewere four college students (2 girls and 2 guys). They all had their backpacks with them, and one guy had a tablet while the other had a laptop. It was evi dent that they had been to this coffee shop before, as they all started up a conversation with two of the young workers at the counter, who appeared to be classmates of theirs. Once they grabbed a table, they began discussing a class project that they had in their health class. The guy with the tablet used his social media device to research certain health topics that were presented to him by both girls in the group. The second guy with the laptop was responsible for writing down their research findings, as all four discussed the topics and what was found through their research. At no point through their discussions did they interact with anyone outside their group, as they seemed focus on complementary their research only. They still remained there at the coffee shop after the author left the coffee shop fifteen minutes later.The third group of people consisted of two fe anthropoids, one in her late twenties and the other being a college student, and one manful in his mid-thirties . The older woman and male both worked at this Starbucks, and it was evident that they held a managerial position. The younger college student female was applying for a job at this situation Starbucks. The younger female had a soak up with her, and had to fill out an application while sitting down in the group. The older male was asking the applicant questions about her completed application, while the older female was documenting some of the responses on her tablet. It appeared that the two managers were using the tablet to input important information about the applicant. There were some outside interactions, as some of the other employees were invited over to the table and introduced to the applicant. This meeting lasted about ten minutes, and then the applicant left the shop while the two managers went back into the office in the back.At the college, the first group that was seen was a group of six students ( quin guys and one girl). It was clear that this group was waiting fo r their next class to begin and was killing time before the class started. Although nobody from this group had a tablet or laptop, all six had cell phones and used them almost the entire time. The female was on a phone call, while theguys were all checking out videos and music on YouTube. All the conversations between the guys were related to their findings on their phones, and once the girl got off her phone, she was invited over to see a funny video that the guys had found. At one point, two individuals passed by this group at separate times, but no interactions were made between the group and the individuals.The final group seen at the college was a group of three mid-forties females who are teachers at the college. One of the ladies had her laptop open, while the other two were talking about creating new student learn outcomes for their particular fields. At no point did the teachers even look over to the group of students that was two tables away from them, as they seemed focu s on completing their research before their next class. Although only one of the females was using the laptop, all three were conversing about the student learning outcomes and making suggestions to what was documented on the laptop.Individuals.There were eight different individuals present at the coffee shop during the twenty minute observation period. Five of the eight individuals sat down at a table, while the other three got their coffees to go. The three individuals who got their coffee to go all only interacted with the workers at the counter, and none of them used a social media device or interacted with other people. One of the five that chose to stay at the coffee shop was a college female, and she sat at a table with headphones on while viewing her tablet. She appeared to be watching a movie, as she did not speak the entire time she sat down. Another of the five (mid-forties male) had a copy of the newspaper and proceeded to drink his coffee while reading the Sports sectio n of the newspaper for ten minutes, before he left the shop. The third individual was another college student female who sat down at a table with her coffee and made a four minute phone call to a friend. Once the phone call was over, she grabbed her coffee and left the coffee shop.The fourth individual was a mid-thirties female who brought a book with her, as she sat in the quiet corner of the shop while reading her book and drinking her coffee. She did not interact with anyone while the observation took place.The final individual was a mid-twenties male, who brought his laptop with him. Once he sat down, he put earphones in and appeared to face-time someone on his laptop, as he was speaking into the microphone on his computer. This conversation was about ten minutes, and prevented any outside interactions with this person with anyone else at the shop. One thing noted by the author was that the people around this last individual did notice that he was speaking rather loudly in a un exclusive place, and it was evident that some conversations came up about the man being rude. At no point did anyone approach the man, as they just whispered about it at their individual tables.In the college setting, there were only two individuals present during the twenty minute observation, and they walked by the classroom that was being monitored at separate times. Both individuals were male and both were walking to their next class while using their phones. The first was using his phone to make a phone call, but because he was in the area for only thirty seconds, the contents of the phone conversation were unclear. The second male was typing on his phone the entire time he was walking to his next class, so it appeared that he was texting. The student did not raise his head one time as he was walking, which caused him to walk very slowly and it appeared that he was using his peripheral vision to make sure he did not run into anything during his walk to his next class. Neither o ne of these individuals interacted socially to any of the groups present as they walked by.Research Analysis Relationship to Social Media Statisitics.The research collected through the two observations deputes that younger and older participants all were likely to use some form of social media device. About 50% of all social media users in this study used their social media devices to communicate with others through texting and phone calls, while the other 50% used their social media devices to document information and view videos online. According to research done by Baker (2012) just with regards to social media use for videos, YouTube gets 4 billion page views per day all over the founding. The average person spends fifteen minutes per day on YouTube streaming video, and every day, over 800,000 videos are uploaded onto YouTube. 35% of all YouTube viewers are between the ages of18-34 (Baker, 2012). In another study done by Baker (2012), she writes how there are one million new T witter accounts created every day, which is equivalent to 11 accounts created per second, and over 100 million active Twitter users globally today. According to research done by Gibson (2013), over 97% of all people own cell phones, and 56% of those cell phones owned are smart-phones, which have the potential to retrieve email and browse the internet. She also states that within the ages of 18-29, 80% of that age group own a smart-phone. With all this verbalize, it is clear that todays majority culture is dependent on cell phones. Throughout this study, the author saw a majority of participants using some form of social media device, which agrees with other research on social media usage.What was unclear throughout this study is how much social media usage affects our interactions with others socially. Even though some people use their social media devices to interact with others online, does social media limit our big businessman to communicate with others face to face. During t his study, we saw that people that were involved in a group setting still interacted with one another, whether the conversations were dependent on social media or not. We also saw that individuals by themselves did not go out of their way to converse with complete strangers, unless it was to buy a cup of coffee. Unfortunately, this does not prove if social media is the cause of less face to face interactions, because these participants may have just kept to themselves on that particular day. Although it may appear that people today are less likely to interact socially, especially with people they do not know, it is impossible to prove that based on two observation periods.Research Summary.So what has this research study shown us? The one definite that was shown is that people were hesitant to approach people they did not know, unless it was to order something from the front counter at Starbucks. While this does not prove that people today are less likely to interact with complete st rangers, it shows proof that people in a public setting are not going out of their way to interact with other people they do not know. What is interesting is that through social media usage (Twitter, Facebook, etc.),people today are more likely to call for in conversations with complete strangers than they are in face to face settings (Diaz, Evans Gallagher, 2011). What is it about social media that allows people today to be more open to converse with people they do not know, rather than doing it in a public setting in person? Diaz, Evans Gallagher believe that because people do not have to face the person they are speaking with, thus not having to deal with embarrassment if what they say is found to be unpopular, people are more likely to be outgoing when it will not affect them negatively in a social manner (2011).Another fact that was proven in this study is that social media can provoke interactions with other people, even though those witnessed in this study were not how the author concept they would occur. In this study at the Starbucks, a man sat at a table and communicate to another person on his social media device in a public place. Because of how loud he was, other people that did not know the man began talking about how rude the man was to act like he was in his living room and not respect the other people surrounding him. The author was hoping to find people that would find something of interest on a social media device and show other people they did not know, sparking an interaction between two strangers. Though this did not happen, one persons social media use did spark an interaction between another group of people which would not have occurred had the man not done what he had done. This proves to the endorser that social media usage can make headway interactions between people that would not have occurred had people not used social media.Study Implications. wise Trends.Though this study does not prove anything, as it is a small sample s ize of the worlds social media usage and their interactions, it does agree with the authors hypothesis that people today rely less on face to face interactions and more with interactions made through social media. According to Diaz, Evans Gallagher (2011), there are several advantages and disadvantages of using social media to interact. Young adults that are shy may gain confidence to interact more, first by using social media tointeract and develop confidence. Social media also encourages people to apply more thought into their interactions, as they have more time to think about what will be said. This differs from face to face interactions, as people are put on the spot and sometimes cannot have sufficient time to think about the best thing to say in a particular moment. Some of the disadvantages mentioned by Diaz, Evans Gallagher (2011) are that social media is so widespread, that any conversation can be seen by millions of people, rather than a face to face conversation that i s only seen by those present. Social media also leads people to multi-task, which leads to a lack of attention applied to one individual topic. Multi-tasking also leads to spending too much time on social media, and not enough time studying and developing the brain. wise Responses to Influences of Social Media.Does our society even have negative responses to the influences of social media? It seems that everyone is so involved with how cool engine room is, and what new social media devices are coming out, there is not a lot of talk about the negative influences of social media. Is social media a more negative or positive influence on our culture? This question cannot be answered with a study like this, as many studies have been done to observe peoples usage of media, and everyone handles their usage differently. Some people may be consumed with social media, and all that comes with it, to where they separate themselves from the non-interactive world. Some people may be able to cont ain their usage, while using their social media use to improve their face to face interactions with regular people. The authors feelings on this topic is that due to the data collected in this case study, people did not go out of their way to interact with people they did not know.Whereas twenty years ago, people by themselves in a coffee shop may have been more likely to try and interact with strangers because they did not have social media to occupy their time. This is not to say that people twenty years ago did not go to coffee shops to read the paper or their book in private. The data collected in this study also shows proof that the percentages of people using social media and smart phones found in recent research studies are pretty accurate, as a high percentage of the people that were observed had some of sort of social media device. Recent researchalso showed that phones today are more likely to be used for texting, emailing, and nett browsing, rather than talking on the ph one (Duggan, 2013). This research was proven to be accurate in this data-based study as well, as one person at the school was using their phone to talk, while everyone else was using their phones to browse, text, or email.Further Areas of Research.So even though this topic has been researched many times by different researchers, are there any areas that may have not been covered to try and come up with a more definitive answer to if social media usage affects our social interactions? The problem presented with all research is that every person is different, and how they are affected by social media will be different in each individual situation. The author believes that all that can be accomplished by completing further research is to add more proof to a topic that has not been proved to be 100% accurate. Even with more research leading readers to believe that social media is affecting our culture negatively, the only way that we can prove that is if one day people stop talking to o ther people completely and interaction is done ONLY through the use of social media. Then we can say that social media is definitely the reason that people do not interact socially face to face. One other area that can be further researched is to find out the relationship between social media use and feelings of depression. It would be interesting to see how depression is related to the loneliness that comes with secluding oneself with only interacting through social media.Conclusion.It was the goal of the author to see how the use of social media affected our social interactions in todays society. Another focus of this study was to see how interactions that do take place are a result of social media usage. Given the data collected in these two case studies, the research findings do prevail prior research that social media usage is taking over as the primary means of communicating. distributively individual person is different, in that some may rely more on social media to communi cate than others based on their personalities, but the data found by the author does support this theory and shows the reader that people are growing less accustomed tocommunicating face to face with others. While it is said that communicating through social media can expand our abilities to communicate in person (Diaz et al, 2011), it can also be said that social media is preventing our society from socially interacting in person.What this author has found is that there will always be two different sides to this argument, as some will feel that the benefits of social media use will always outnumber the negative effects, while others feel that no matter how advanced social media is, the fact that it may prevent people today from having face to face interactions is a serious issue. The reader has to believe that social media will only increase the more advanced devices become, which may lead some to think that social interaction will keep diminishing. The best thing that people can d o as parents is to somehow regulate their childrens usage of social media, with regards to how much time is spent on their social media devices and what content is being viewed. By doing this, parents can still allow their children to interact socially and sojourn to develop their communication skills by not solely relying on social media to interact socially (Diaz et al, 2011).Whether social media usage is regulated or not, it is apparent that social media is here to stay. It is up to parents and teachers to try and incorporate other methods of interacting with their children so that they receive all the benefits that can come from interacting face to face. The conclusion of this study is, although research may support the fact that social media usage can affect social interactions, it will be very difficult to prove 100% because of different peoples reasons for choosing whether to interact socially face to face or through social online networks.ReferencesBaker, H. (2012). Video S tatistics. The B2B draw to Social Media. Retrieved on February 14, 2014 at http//www.b2bsocialmediaguide.com/2012/06/07/video-statistics/Baker, H. (2012). Twitter Statistics. 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